Most CCNA students are familiar with two privilege levels, which are the privilege level 1(user EXEC mode) and the privilege level 15(privileged EXEC mode). Cisco IOS software offers 16 privilege levels numbered from 0 to 15. The privilege level 0 is the most restricted level (you cannot configure anything and you cannot display the router configuration). The privilege level 15 is the least restricted (you can do anything on the router). This article falls under the CCNA syllabus ’s objective “Implement basic router security”. The Cisco IOS software gives you the ability to attach...

The first thing a CCNA student must know is the CLI modes. These mode are structured in a hierarchical fashion, and each mode allows a group of specific commands. To access the CLI, you can use the console port or a remote access protocol such as Telnet or Secure Shell (CLI’s modes are part of the CCNA syllabus). Some of the CLI modes you’ve to familiarize with are described bellow: User EXEC: To access this mode you must log in the router by using the console port or a remote access technique (telnet, ssh…). At this mode, the prompt displays Router>, and you can telnet into...

In general, a hostname is the unique name by which a device attached to the network is identified. The hostname is used to identify a particular host in various forms of network communication. This article falls under the CCNA syllabus’s objective “Access and utilize the router to set basic parameters”. In Cisco routers, the hostname attribute is locally significant. Thus, you can have many routers in the network with the same hostname. But, this is not recommended. During the PPP authentication, the routers send to each other their hostnames unless the ppp chap...